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OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to evaluate the stress distribution of the mandibular first molar with different thicknesses and heights of the axial wall restored by the endocrown with two marginal designs and thus provide a theoretical basis for selecting clinical preparation through the finite-element method.@*METHODS@#Two marginal endocrowns of the mandibular first molar with different axial-wall thicknesses (t=1, 2, 3 mm) and heights (h=2, 3, 4 mm) were established. Group A was the butt-joint design, whereas group B was the shoulder-surrounded design. After applying vertical and oblique loads , the size and distribution of the maximum principal stress and equivalent stress of residual tooth tissue were recorded.@*RESULTS@#The maximum principal stress and equivalent stress distribution of residual tooth tissue were similar among different models. Group A showed a lower maximum principal stress and equivalent stress than group B at the same thickness and height under vertical load. Meanwhile, under oblique load, the maximum principal stress values of groups A and B decreased with increased thickness at constant height. Group A showed lower equivalent stress than group B at the same thickness and height of 2 and 3 mm. However, when the height was 4 mm, the trend was reversed.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In mastication, when bearing the vertical force, the retention of the butt-joint marginal endocrown preferred to the shoulder-surrounded one. Given the higher axial wall of the shoulder-surrounded marginal endocrown, it showed better ability to bear the oblique force than the butt-joint one.
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Crowns , Dental Stress Analysis , Finite Element Analysis , Mastication , MolarABSTRACT
Aim To determine the role of Wnt/β-catenin/TCF7L2 pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy.Methods A model of type 1 diabetes mellitus was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ)into 7 or 8-week old C57BL/6 mice.After four weeks, the diabetic animals were divided into three groups with seven to eight in each:diabetes mellitus(DM), diabetes injected with β-catenin inhibitor iCRT14(2.5, 5 mg·kg-1).After continuous intrap-eritoneal administration for 8 weeks, heart samples were stained with HE and examined under light microscopy.Expressions and distributions of β-catenin and TCF7L2 in myocardium were detected by immunohistochemistry.Protein levels of β-catenin, Tcf7l2 were detected by Western blot.mRNA levels of β-catenin, Tcf7l2, Nppa and c-Myc were detected by qPCR.Results The myocardial cells in DM were relatively disordered and the size of the nucleus was irregular.Western blot and immunohistochemistry data showed that the expressions of β-catenin and TCF7L2 in heart with DM increased, while those in nucleus of the cardiomyocytes significantly increased.qPCR showed that the mRNA expression of β-catenin downstream target c-Myc and cardiac hypertrophy marker Nppa were up-regulated.After injection of eight weeks with different iCRT14 doses, the cardiomyocytes were relatively regular; the protein levels of β-catenin and TCF7L2 decreased, and their expressions in nucleus decreased as well; the mRNA levels of Nppa and c-Myc markedly decreased.Conclusions Activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin/TCF7L2 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in diabetic cardiomyopathy; iCRT14 significantly improves the phenotype of cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetic mice.
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Objective: To explore the incidence and risk factors of infection related to totally implantable access port (TIAP) in upper arm in cancer patients. Methods: A total of 1 961 patients who received TIAP for deliverance of chemotherapy at Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine during the period from February 2014 to December 2018. The general clinical data, catheterization status, bacteriological data and incidence of TIAP-related infections were retrospectively analyzed. The univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors TIAP-related infections. Results: A total of 43 patients developed TIAP-related infections, with an incidence of 2.2% (43/1 961). The mean time interval from the implantation of upper arm TIAP to the diagnosis of infection was (116.88±95.39) d (7-377 d). In univariate analysis, gender (P=0.001), catheter diameter (P=0.000), upper extremity venous thrombosis (UEVT) (P=0.000) and outpatient (P=0.005) were significantly associated with the risk of infection related to upper arm TIAP. Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR=0.35, P=0.012), UEVT (OR=31.59, P=0.000) and catheter diameter (OR=2.81, P=0.005) were three significant independent predictors of infection related to upper arm TIAP. Conclusion: Gender, UEVT and catheter diameter are independent risk factors for upper arm TIAP-related infection.
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Aim To investigate the protective roles of sonic hedgehog( Shh) signaling pathway in hypoxia-in-duced DNA damage with the neonatal rat cardiomyo-cytes. Methods The hypoxia model on neonatal car-diomyocytes was established with one to two days old Sprague Dawley rats by deprivation of oxygen and glu-cose ( OGD) . After pretreated with Shh pathway ago-nist SAG1.3 or antagonist GANT61, the survival rates of cardiomyocytes were assayed by MTT after OGD 6 hours or 12 hours. The protein levels of Shh pathway, phosphorylated histone H2AX at serine 139 (γH2AX), phosphorylated ATM (p-ATM), phospho-rylated p53 ( p-p53 ) , cleaved-caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot. The γH2AX foci was detected by immunofluorescence. Results Com-pared to control group, the protein expression of γH2AX, p-ATM, cleaved-caspase-3, p-p53 in OGD cardiomyocytes significantly increased, and Bcl-2/Bax ratio proportionally decreased. Particularly, the ex-pression of γH2AX, p-ATM was highest at OGD 6 h, and then gradually declined after OGD 12 h. After SAG1.3 pretreatment, the expression of γH2AX, p-ATM, cleaved-caspase-3 and p-p53 dramatically de-creased and the Bcl2/Bax ratio increased in OGD 6 h or OGD 12 h cardiomyocytes. On the contrary, in GANT61 pretreatment group, the expression of γH2AX, p-ATM, cleaved-caspase-3 and p-p53 signifi-cantly increased and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio decreased compared to the OGD 6 h or OGD 12 h cardiomyo-cytes. Conclusion The activation of Shh pathway protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced apop-tosis through inhibition of DNA damage.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between drinking environment, attitudes and situation and alcohol-related health problems.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A sample of 2327 respondents was randomly collected from Wuhan, Hubei Province in China by a face-to-face interview. The structural equation modeling analysis was performed for the data collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both parents' drinking behaviors and respondents' drinking situation strongly impacted the alcohol-related problems and diseases. Friends' or peers' drinking behaviors influenced the respondents' drinking attitudes and behaviors. Males experienced more alcohol-related problems and diseases than females.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Comparatively, parents' drinking behaviors exert the most significant influence on drinkers. Therefore, it is beneficial to restrict parents' drinking behaviors for the offsprings and the whole society, and an intensive professional education in early motherhood is also necessary for Chinese women.</p>